Researchers at England's University of Portsmouth recreated the hot, humid conditions expected at the 2026 World Cup to assess health risks [1].
The study highlights a critical gap in safety protocols, suggesting that spectators face significantly higher dangers than athletes due to a lack of heat-safeguards [1].
Scientists simulated environments reflecting the expected weather in U.S. host cities, including Houston, Miami, and Los Angeles [3]. The simulations focused on how extreme heat and humidity affect the human body during prolonged exposure. These findings suggest that the current measures implemented by FIFA to protect participants from heat-related illnesses are insufficient [1].
Data indicates that approximately 25% of World Cup games could be played in very hot conditions [4]. While professional teams have access to medical staff and cooling technologies, fans do not have similar protections. The researchers said that the physical toll of the environment could lead to widespread heat exhaustion among the crowds [1].
Specific stadium policies may exacerbate these risks. For example, fans will be allowed to bring only one sealed water bottle into stadiums [3]. This limitation on hydration could be dangerous when combined with the high temperatures and humidity levels identified in the Portsmouth simulations [1].
The University of Portsmouth team used these recreations to provide a scientific basis for demanding better safety standards. They said that the health of thousands of fans is being risked by inadequate planning for the North American summer climate [1].
“FIFA's current heat-protection measures are inadequate, posing health risks.”
The findings suggest a systemic failure in event planning where athlete safety is prioritized over spectator welfare. By quantifying the risk through simulation, researchers are pushing FIFA to move beyond basic hydration rules toward comprehensive public health strategies, such as increased shading and revised water access, to prevent mass heat-related medical emergencies in U.S. cities.
