Researchers at the University of Portsmouth in England have recreated the hot and humid conditions fans may face during the 2026 World Cup.
The simulation highlights a critical gap in safety protocols. While professional players have access to medical teams and rigorous heat-management strategies, spectators often lack similar safeguards when exposed to extreme temperatures.
The study focused on the projected conditions at venues across North America. By simulating these environments in a laboratory setting, the team aimed to quantify the physiological stress on supporters. The findings suggest that the combination of high heat and humidity could pose significant health risks to those in the stands.
Climate data indicates that approximately 25% [1] of the 2026 World Cup games could be played in very hot conditions. Other estimates align with this, stating that one in four [2] matches may take place under such grueling weather patterns.
These conditions are particularly concerning in host cities where humidity compounds the effect of high temperatures. The researchers used the laboratory to demonstrate how the body struggles to cool itself when humidity prevents sweat from evaporating, a process essential for regulating internal temperature.
The project seeks to prompt tournament organizers to implement better heat-safety measures for the public. This includes improving access to water, providing more shaded areas, and establishing clear emergency protocols for heat-related illnesses among the crowds.
“Fans will have far fewer heat‑safety safeguards than players.”
This research underscores a growing tension between global sporting schedules and escalating climate extremes. As tournaments move into regions with high humidity and heat, the focus on athlete welfare—while necessary—may leave millions of spectators vulnerable. The findings suggest that infrastructure for fan safety must evolve to match the medical standards provided to players to prevent mass heat-related casualties.
