Allergist Juanita Mora said that inhaling fine smoke particles from wildfires can cause significant respiratory health problems and inflammation [1].

This guidance comes as Mexico manages two distinct wildfire seasons that affect regions across the central, northern, northeastern, southern, and southeastern states [3]. Because small particulate matter penetrates deep into the lungs, it can trigger immediate irritation and long-term complications [1, 2].

Mexico's first wildfire season typically runs from January to June [3]. A second season occurs from May to September [3]. These overlapping periods increase the risk of exposure for millions of residents in smoke-affected regions.

To mitigate these risks, Mora said several protective measures are recommended for those in affected areas. People should close all windows and doors to prevent smoke from entering homes and use air purifiers to maintain indoor air quality [1, 2].

For those who must go outside, Mora said wearing N-95 masks is recommended to filter out harmful particles [1, 2]. She also said that individuals should limit the amount of time spent in open areas where smoke is present [1, 2].

While health experts advocate for N-95 masks, some institutional practices differ. A report published Aug. 20, 2025, noted that the U.S. Forest Service has historically opposed providing masks to its crews, often leaving workers to operate in smoke without N-95 protection [4].

Despite these contradictions in institutional policy, medical experts emphasize that the primary goal is to reduce the inhalation of toxins. The combination of structural barriers, such as sealed windows, and personal protective equipment remains the most effective way to prevent respiratory distress during peak fire months [1, 2].

“Small particulate matter in wildfire smoke penetrates deep into the lungs.”

The recurring nature of Mexico's wildfire seasons creates a chronic public health challenge. By identifying two distinct peak windows—January to June and May to September—health officials can better coordinate warnings and resource distribution to the most vulnerable regions, including the northern and southern states.