The Karnataka state government owes ₹1,694.42 crore [1] to state transport corporations to fund the Shakti free bus travel scheme for women.

The financial strain highlights a tension between the program's high public utility and its long-term economic sustainability. While the initiative aims to improve women's mobility and financial independence, the growing debt to transport operators raises questions about the state's ability to maintain the service.

Launched in mid-June 2023, the Shakti scheme provides free travel on state-run buses for all women domiciled in Karnataka. The program was designed to boost local economies and promote independence for women in cities like Bengaluru, Shivamogga, and Mysuru.

Transport Minister Ramalinga Reddy said the scheme has been a hit [2]. This sentiment is echoed by passengers who have utilized the service. Parvathamma, a KSRTC passenger in Shivamogga, said, "I feel safe and independent now" [3].

Despite the popularity, the program has faced criticism regarding equity. Some reports indicate that the scheme is viewed as unfair by certain critics who question the distribution of its benefits.

Supporters of the initiative point to its scale as a landmark success. The scheme has reportedly set a world record for the highest number of free bus rides provided to women [4]. However, the ₹1,694.42 crore [1] in outstanding payments suggests a significant fiscal burden on the state's treasury.

The government continues to position the scheme as a flagship political initiative under Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, balancing the social gains of increased mobility against the mounting costs of operation.

“"The scheme has been a hit."”

The Shakti scheme represents a significant social experiment in public transit, trading fiscal stability for immediate social empowerment. By removing the cost of travel, Karnataka has successfully increased women's access to labor markets and healthcare, but the reliance on government subsidies creates a systemic risk for the state transport corporations. The outcome will likely depend on whether the promised boost to local economies generates enough tax revenue to offset the ongoing operational deficits.