Earth scientist Anjana Khatwa presented a talk on how geological formations shaped human civilization during a session at the Royal Institution [1].

Connecting cutting-edge science with indigenous knowledge provides a broader understanding of how the physical earth dictates the development of human societies. By analyzing the relationship between rock formations and settlement patterns, researchers can better understand the intersection of nature and culture.

Filmed on April 26, 2026 [2], the presentation titled “How geology built civilisation | with Anjana Khatwa | Part 1” explores the narrative capabilities of the earth's crust. Khatwa focuses on the idea that geological structures serve as a record of the planet's history that humans have learned to interpret and utilize.

Khatwa highlighted specific global landmarks to illustrate these connections. She pointed to the pink sandstone caves of Petra in Jordan, which formed 500 million years ago [3], a period occurring before plants had developed roots [3]. She also discussed the significance of the sacred granite domes of Yos [1].

Throughout the talk, Khatwa emphasized that the environment does not merely provide a backdrop for history but actively directs it. The materials available in a specific region often determine the architecture, economy, and spiritual practices of the people living there.

"Can rocks speak?" Khatwa said. "Earth scientist Anjana Khatwa says yes — and in this talk, she'll teach you how to listen" [1].

By weaving together scientific data and traditional wisdom, the presentation suggests that geology is a fundamental pillar of anthropology. The study of the earth's composition reveals why certain civilizations flourished in specific locations, while others faced geographic constraints.

“Can rocks speak? Earth scientist Anjana Khatwa says yes — and in this talk, she'll teach you how to listen.”

This presentation underscores a shift toward interdisciplinary study, where hard sciences like geology are used to validate or expand upon indigenous knowledge. By linking the age of geological formations to the timeline of human settlement, the work demonstrates that the physical environment is a primary driver of cultural and societal evolution.