Engineers have developed a bird-scale flapping robot capable of swimming underwater and breaking the surface to continue flying [1, 2].
This development represents a significant step in aerial-aquatic locomotion. By mimicking the physical adaptations of diving birds, the robot overcomes the distinct physical challenges of moving through two different mediums, air and water, using the same set of wings [1, 3].
Researchers designed the robot to investigate the specific design trade-offs required for this dual-environment travel [1, 2]. Most existing drones are specialized for either flight or submersion, but this prototype integrates both capabilities into a single flapping mechanism [3].
The robot functions by plunging into the water to swim and then generating enough force with its wings to leap back into the air [2]. This transition is the most complex part of the process, as the robot must overcome surface tension and water resistance to achieve lift [1].
Potential applications for this technology include coastal cleanup operations and environmental monitoring [1, 2]. Because the robot can move seamlessly between the surface and the depths, it could be used to identify and retrieve pollutants in shoreline areas where traditional boats or aircraft cannot easily operate [1].
The project focuses on the biological inspiration of diving birds to solve engineering hurdles related to propulsion [3]. The researchers said they aim to refine the efficiency of the wing beats to extend the robot's operational range in both environments [1].
“The robot can dive underwater and then fly, demonstrating aerial-aquatic locomotion.”
The ability to transition between air and water using a single propulsion system reduces the need for multiple specialized vehicles in search-and-rescue or environmental missions. By successfully mimicking biological diving patterns, engineers are moving toward more versatile autonomous systems that can operate in complex, hybrid environments like marshes and coastlines.
