A DNA study released Sunday revealed that Brazil's iconic golden-furred street dogs are composed of dozens of different breeds [1], [2].
The findings challenge a recent move by Mexican authorities to claim the animal as a native breed. This dispute highlights a cultural tug-of-war over the identity of a creature that has become a widespread symbol of Brazilian urban life.
Researchers at the University of São Paulo's animal genetics laboratory analyzed samples from three caramel dogs collected from different regions of Brazil [1]. The study, published July 26 [1], found that the animals possess an extremely diverse genetic makeup. This composition reflects the wide mixture of breeds found in Brazilian urban areas [1].
This scientific result follows a political declaration made June 10, when Mexican authorities classified the "perro caramelo" as a native breed of Mexico [2]. That move sparked a symbolic dispute between the two nations, as Brazil views the animal as a national symbol [2].
While the Mexican government sought to recognize the dog as part of its natural heritage, the Brazilian data suggests the animal is a product of multi-breed hybridization [1], [2]. The research aimed to map the genetic diversity of street dogs to determine if the caramel vira-lata could be scientifically categorized as a specific national symbol [1].
Despite the genetic complexity and the diplomatic friction, the caramel dog remains the most beloved mascot on the streets of Brazil [1].
“The study revealed that Brazil's iconic golden-furred street dogs are composed of dozens of different breeds.”
The contrast between the genetic evidence from the University of São Paulo and the official declaration from Mexico illustrates the difference between biological classification and cultural identity. While Mexico is attempting to institutionalize the dog as a native breed for heritage purposes, the DNA evidence suggests the 'caramel' phenotype is a result of opportunistic breeding and urban migration rather than a distinct, isolated lineage.
