The European Commission said Wednesday that the second phase of the AI Act's enforcement regime takes effect across the bloc, applying rules directly to providers of general-purpose AI models over a specified compute threshold [1].
Under the phase-two rules, model providers must register with the EU AI Office, publish a summary of training data sources, and maintain technical documentation available to national regulators within 10 working days of request [1][2].
"The Act moves from paper to practice today," a Commission spokesperson said. Firms that fall within scope have four months to come into compliance before fines take effect.
Analysts note the compute threshold captures most frontier models now in commercial use, though smaller open-weight releases remain outside the phase-two perimeter [2].
“The Act moves from paper to practice today.”
The rules codify what had been voluntary transparency commitments. Providers without EU establishments will need legal representation inside the bloc — a structural shift that raises the cost of serving European users and shapes which models small teams can afford to deploy.
