Global press freedom has fallen to its lowest level in 50 years [2].
This decline threatens the stability of democratic institutions by limiting the ability of journalists to hold power accountable without fear of retaliation. The erosion of media independence often precedes broader democratic setbacks, particularly in regions already struggling with political instability.
Reporters Without Borders said that a global ranking shows a generalized degradation of the conditions under which journalists operate [1]. While the decline was noted as significant throughout 2024 [1], a September 2025 report confirmed that the state of press freedom is at its lowest point in five decades [2].
In Africa, the situation is particularly acute. Journalists in West and East Africa face increasing pressures, including political intimidation and armed conflict [1]. In Burkina Faso, a nation of 22 million people [4], reporters have increasingly denounced the erosion of their professional liberties [3]. However, assessments of East Africa remain mixed, with some reports suggesting the decline is less uniform than in other regions [5].
Technological shifts are adding new layers of complexity to the profession. During a celebration of World Press Freedom Day on May 7, 2025 [3], participants at the Enstic school said that artificial intelligence represents a major challenge for modern journalism [3]. Other analysts said that the primary drivers of the current crisis remain political pressures and a lack of protective legal frameworks rather than technological disruption [1].
Despite these trends, some international bodies maintain a different perspective. A press release from the EU High Representative said that journalists continue to exercise their freedom of expression courageously to protect democracy [6].
“La liberté de la presse est au plus bas depuis 50 ans.”
The convergence of political instability, armed conflict, and the rise of AI creates a volatile environment for the global press. The disparity between the reports of systemic decline and the optimistic views of some diplomatic bodies suggests a widening gap between the lived experience of field journalists and the official narratives of international governance.
