Global press freedom has fallen to its lowest level in 25 years, according to a report from Reporters Without Borders (RSF) [1].
The decline suggests a shrinking space for independent journalism and a growing risk for reporters worldwide. As governments increase legal and political pressure on the press, the ability to hold power accountable diminishes.
The RSF World Press Freedom Index, released in October 2023 [1], reveals that only about 1% of the world’s population lives in countries rated as having a “good” media environment [1]. Conversely, over 50% of the global population is classified as living in countries where the press freedom status is “difficult” or “very serious” [2].
Norway ranked first in the index, while Eritrea ranked last [2].
RSF said the downturn is driven by several converging factors. These include rising violence against journalists in conflict zones, increasing legal pressure on media outlets worldwide, and heightened political attacks on the press [1, 2].
“Press freedom is at a 25-year low,” RSF said [2].
The organization also highlighted a trend toward the legal targeting of reporters. “Journalism is increasingly criminalised worldwide,” RSF said [2].
The report indicates that the environment for media has deteriorated across various regions, leaving a vast majority of the global population without access to a free and open press.
“Press freedom is at a 25-year low.”
The data reflects a systemic global shift where the tools of state control—legal prosecution and physical violence—are being used to suppress reporting. With more than half the world living under 'difficult' or 'very serious' media conditions, the gap between democratic ideals of free speech and the reality of journalistic practice is widening, potentially limiting the flow of verified information during international crises.
