Iraqi armed factions have shown partial positive responses to a government initiative aimed at restricting the possession of weapons [1].

This development represents a critical attempt by the Iraqi state to consolidate its monopoly on force and reduce the influence of non-state actors. By limiting independent arms, the government seeks to protect national sovereignty and insulate the country from external pressures, including those from the U.S. [2].

Reports from June 4, 2026, indicate that three armed factions expressed intentions to hand over the administration of their brigades within the Popular Mobilization Forces [2]. This move is tied to a government incentive to develop and enhance the nation's air defense systems [1], [2].

However, the level of cooperation varies among the groups. While some reports suggest a full intent to hand over brigade administration [2], other sources said the response from Kata'ib Hezbollah and the Al-Nujaba Movement was only partial [1].

Further contradictions exist regarding the nature of the disarmament. While some factions are discussing the transfer of administrative control, Kata'ib Hezbollah reportedly said it was ready to purchase specialized weapons from other factions that decide to abandon armed activity [3].

The Iraqi government has positioned the modernization of air defenses as a primary catalyst for these negotiations. The state aims to transition these groups into a structured framework where the central government maintains ultimate authority over strategic assets [1], [2].

“three armed factions expressed intentions to hand over the administration of their brigades”

The shift toward partial disarmament suggests a transactional approach to state sovereignty in Iraq. By offering air defense upgrades, the government is attempting to trade strategic security capabilities for the relinquishing of tactical autonomy by militias. The disparity in reports—ranging from full administrative handover to the mere purchase of specialized equipment—indicates that while the factions are open to negotiation, they are unlikely to surrender their power structures entirely without significant guarantees.