Russia and Belarus conducted a large-scale exercise of nuclear forces from May 19 to May 21, 2024 [1].

The maneuvers serve as a signal of nuclear readiness to NATO and simulate responses to what Moscow describes as a threat of aggression. By coordinating with Belarus, the Kremlin demonstrates its ability to deploy strategic assets across its borders during a crisis.

The three-day exercise involved 64,000 troops [2]. The drills focused on the preparation and use of nuclear forces under the threat of aggression, according to an NBC News report [2].

Military activity spanned Russian territory and Belarus, with naval units departing from ports in the Arctic and Pacific [3]. The operation included missile launches, aircraft sorties, and the deployment of warships and submarines [3].

Reports indicate the scale of the deployment included more than 200 missile launchers [4]. Other figures cited in reports include more than 140 aircraft, at least 73 warships, and 13 submarines [4].

Russia also delivered nuclear munitions to field facilities in Belarus during the period [5]. The Russian Defense Ministry said the drills were designed to showcase elements of its strategic nuclear forces [5].

Associated Press said the drills are designed to simulate a retaliatory strike in response to a nuclear attack [6]. These maneuvers follow a pattern of increasing military cooperation between President Vladimir Putin and the Belarusian government.

“The three-day exercise will involve 64,000 troops”

These exercises represent a strategic effort by Russia to integrate its nuclear posture with Belarusian territory, effectively extending its deterrent reach. By simulating retaliatory strikes, Moscow is utilizing 'nuclear signaling' to warn Western powers against further intervention in regional conflicts, while testing the logistical capability of moving strategic munitions across borders.