Researchers at the University of Portsmouth in England have recreated the hot, humid conditions expected for spectators at the 2026 FIFA World Cup [1, 2].
The simulation aims to assess the risk of extreme heat for fans, who generally have fewer safety safeguards than the athletes competing on the pitch [1, 2].
The upcoming tournament will be staged across venues in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico [1, 2]. Because these regions can experience intense summer weather, scientists are concerned that the environment could pose significant health risks to the millions of people attending the matches.
Data suggests that one in four 2026 World Cup games could be played in very hot conditions [3]. While FIFA has established protocols for player safety, the Portsmouth team focused their study on the spectator experience, noting the disparity in protections available to the general public compared to professional teams [1, 2].
By simulating these environments in a controlled laboratory setting, the researchers can better understand how the human body reacts to the specific humidity and temperature levels predicted for the North American host cities [1, 2]. This data is intended to highlight the need for better heat-risk mitigation for those in the stands.
Other scientific warnings have also targeted the organization's current measures. Some experts said FIFA that existing heat-safety protocols for players are inadequate and could put athletes at risk [3].
“One in four 2026 World Cup games could be played in very hot conditions.”
The focus on spectator safety signals a shift in the conversation around major sporting events, moving beyond athlete welfare to address the public health risks for mass gatherings. As global temperatures rise, the ability of host cities to protect non-athletes from heat-related illness will likely become a critical metric for the success and safety of the 2026 tournament.
