Journalist and filmmaker Marie-Monique Robin argues that microbes play a beneficial role in supporting the human immune system in a new documentary and book [1, 2].

This research matters because it addresses a significant public health trend in Europe. Since the 1960s, the prevalence of atopic diseases, including allergies, asthma, and eczema, has doubled [1].

Robin, the author of the book “Vive les microbes!” and presenter of the ARTE documentary, explores how these microorganisms interact with the body to prevent immune system dysfunction [1, 2]. The work highlights the necessity of microbial exposure for healthy development. The documentary was made available online in 2024 and will remain on-demand until Oct. 12, 2026 [1].

Central to Robin's argument is the role of the microbiome. While the body contains various microbial communities, the intestinal microbiota is the most important of the human body's microbiomes, Robin said [2].

The project seeks to reframe the public perception of microbes. Rather than viewing all bacteria as threats to be eliminated, the research suggests that a lack of microbial diversity contributes to the rise of chronic inflammatory conditions [1, 2].

Robin's findings were featured in a Radio-Canada replay on Nov. 13, 2024, expanding the reach of the research from France to Canada [2]. The documentary aims to provide a scientific basis for understanding why modern, sterile environments may be contributing to the two-fold increase in atopic conditions [1].

“The prevalence of atopic diseases, like allergies, asthma, or eczema, has doubled since the 1960s.”

The rise in atopic diseases suggests a disconnect between modern hygiene standards and the biological requirements of the human immune system. By emphasizing the beneficial nature of microbes, Robin's work aligns with the 'hygiene hypothesis,' suggesting that reduced exposure to microorganisms in early childhood may leave the immune system under-trained and more prone to overreacting to harmless environmental triggers.